In the backward-span variant, at the end of each list participants attempt to recall the digits in the reverse order they appeared. In the forward-span variant, at the end of each list participants attempt to recall the digits in the order they appeared by typing them via keypress. Results suggest that response learners, who putatively display more grey matter and activity in the caudate nucleus, are associated with better working memory span, cognitive control and attentional disengagement. The task exists with two variants: forward-span and backward-span. Results revealed that response learners showed significantly higher working memory capacity, more efficient attention disengagement and better cognitive control. were presented (forward digit span) and the total number of digits the patient could. Fifty participants completed the 4/8 virtual maze to assess navigational strategy, the forward and backward visual digit span and the Attention Network Test - Revised to assess both attention disengagement and cognitive control. Digit Span Test The Digit Span Test is a subtest of WAIS-R and the. examination.1 The Digit span test comprises both digit forward and digit. This study therefore aimed to investigate whether response learners would display better performance on tests of executive and attention functioning compared to spatial learners. The digit span test is widely used to assess attention and working memory. The results show a decremental effect of age on performance in all tasks and an ameliorative effect of education in all tasks except the Corsi span backwards. The caudate nucleus is involved in executive functions such as working memory, cognitive control and certain aspects of attention such as attentional disengaging. Here, we report normative data on the forward and backward versions of the Digit span and Corsi span tasks that was collected from 362 healthy Italians ranging in age from 20 to 90 years. Spontaneous use of the response strategy is associated with greater activity and grey matter within the caudate nucleus while the spatial strategy is associated with greater activity and grey matter in the hippocampus. Hippocampus-dependent spatial strategy consists of creating a cognitive map of an environment and caudate nucleus-dependent response strategy consists of memorizing a rigid sequence of turns. One of two memory systems can be used to navigate in a new environment. The Logical Memory subtest is available in the Fourth Edition of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-IV). Methods: During the study period from January to February 2010, 144 patients aged 75 years or. The Digit Span Forward, Backward, and Sequencing subtests are included in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). The objectives of this study were to (1) validate the Digit Span Test (DST) in the identification and differentiation of dementia and delirium and (2) determine the prevalence of major cognitive impairment in elderly people in an acute medical unit. Increased flanker task and forward digit span performance in caudate-nucleus-dependent response strategies. The Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (1987) is out-of-print and is no longer available.
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